{"id":59540,"date":"2025-03-22T13:23:10","date_gmt":"2025-03-22T13:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/medical-apartheid-the-dark-history-of-medical-experimentation-on-black-americans-from-colonial-times-to-the-present\/"},"modified":"2025-03-22T13:23:10","modified_gmt":"2025-03-22T13:23:10","slug":"medical-apartheid-the-dark-history-of-medical-experimentation-on-black-americans-from-colonial-times-to-the-present","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/medical-apartheid-the-dark-history-of-medical-experimentation-on-black-americans-from-colonial-times-to-the-present\/","title":{"rendered":"Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><br \/>\nPrice: <span style=\"color:#b12704\"><del>$20.00<\/del> - $15.90<\/span><br \/><i><small>(as of Mar 22, 2025 13:23:10 UTC &#8211; <span class=\"wp_automatic_amazon_disclaimer\" title=\"Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date\/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.\">Details<\/span>)<\/small><\/i><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/amazon.com\/dp\/076791547X?tag=musadiqhus0f2-20\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/valvepress.s3.amazonaws.com\/imgs\/buy_now.png\"><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n  NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD WINNER\u00a0\u2022 The first full history of Black America\u2019s shocking mistreatment as unwilling and unwitting experimental subjects at the hands of the medical establishment.\u00a0No one concerned with issues of public health and racial justice can afford not to read this\u00a0masterful book.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;[Washington] has unearthed a shocking amount of information and shaped it into a riveting, carefully documented book.&#8221;\u00a0\u2014New York Times<\/p>\n<p>From the era of slavery to the present day, starting with the earliest encounters between Black Americans and Western medical researchers and the racist pseudoscience that resulted, Medical Apartheid details the ways both slaves and freedmen were used in hospitals for experiments conducted without their knowledge\u2014a tradition that continues today within some black populations.<\/p>\n<p>It reveals how Blacks have historically been prey to grave-robbing as well as unauthorized autopsies and dissections. Moving into the twentieth century, it shows how the pseudoscience of eugenics and social Darwinism was used to justify experimental exploitation and shoddy medical treatment of Blacks. Shocking new details about the government\u2019s notorious Tuskegee experiment are revealed, as are similar, less-well-known medical atrocities conducted by the government, the armed forces, prisons, and private institutions.<\/p>\n<p> The product of years of prodigious research into medical journals and experimental reports long undisturbed, Medical Apartheid reveals the hidden underbelly of scientific research and makes possible, for the first time, an understanding of the roots of the African American health deficit. At last, it provides the fullest possible context for comprehending the behavioral fallout that has caused Black Americans to view researchers\u2014and indeed the whole medical establishment\u2014with such deep distrust.    <br \/> <br \/>\n         From the Publisher            <\/p>\n<p class=\"apm-text-center\">\n                                                 <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"riveting says the new york times\" src=\"https:\/\/images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com\/images\/G\/01\/x-locale\/common\/grey-pixel.gif\" class=\"a-spacing-mini a-lazy-loaded\" data-src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/S\/aplus-media-library-service-media\/0e79a89c-f106-4970-98a5-8df7e32bc6f1.__CR0,0,1200,1200_PT0_SX300_V1___.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"riveting says the new york times\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/S\/aplus-media-library-service-media\/0e79a89c-f106-4970-98a5-8df7e32bc6f1.__CR0,0,1200,1200_PT0_SX300_V1___.jpg\">   <\/p>\n<p class=\"apm-text-center\">\n                                                 <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"national book critics circle award winner\" src=\"https:\/\/images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com\/images\/G\/01\/x-locale\/common\/grey-pixel.gif\" class=\"a-spacing-mini a-lazy-loaded\" data-src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/S\/aplus-media-library-service-media\/1fd6bb83-143c-425f-a5f3-336303481c29.__CR0,0,1200,1200_PT0_SX300_V1___.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"national book critics circle award winner\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/S\/aplus-media-library-service-media\/1fd6bb83-143c-425f-a5f3-336303481c29.__CR0,0,1200,1200_PT0_SX300_V1___.jpg\">   <\/p>\n<p class=\"apm-text-center\">\n                                                 <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"sweeping and powerful\" src=\"https:\/\/images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com\/images\/G\/01\/x-locale\/common\/grey-pixel.gif\" class=\"a-spacing-mini a-lazy-loaded\" data-src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/S\/aplus-media-library-service-media\/575498ec-1e0a-466a-98be-9dccbf19ba01.__CR0,0,1200,1200_PT0_SX300_V1___.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"sweeping and powerful\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/S\/aplus-media-library-service-media\/575498ec-1e0a-466a-98be-9dccbf19ba01.__CR0,0,1200,1200_PT0_SX300_V1___.jpg\">   <\/p>\n<p> Publisher                                    \u200f                                    :                                    \u200e                                    Vintage; Reprint edition (January 8, 2008)   <br \/> Language                                    \u200f                                    :                                    \u200e                                    English   <br \/> Paperback                                    \u200f                                    :                                    \u200e                                    528 pages   <br \/> ISBN-10                                    \u200f                                    :                                    \u200e                                    076791547X   <br \/> ISBN-13                                    \u200f                                    :                                    \u200e                                    978-0767915472   <br \/> Lexile measure                                    \u200f                                    :                                    \u200e                                    1400L   <br \/> Item Weight                                    \u200f                                    :                                    \u200e                                    2.31 pounds   <br \/> Dimensions                                    \u200f                                    :                                    \u200e                                    5.48 x 1.1 x 8.24 inches   <\/p>\n<div id=\"product-summary\" data-hook=\"cr-insights-widget-summary\" class=\"a-section a-spacing-none\">\n<div class=\"a-section a-spacing-small a-spacing-top-\">\n<h3 data-hook=\"cr-insights-heading-label\" class=\"a-size-base-plus a-color-base a-text-bold\">Customers say<svg class=\"_Y3Itc_ai-branding-icon_1_-VZ\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewbox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_1566_10942)\"><path d=\"M0.371705 14.3508C0.224179 14.1666 0.125828 14.0066 0.0829307 13.8779C0.0274777 13.7063 0.076653 13.6132 0.132106 13.5703C0.24929 13.4782 0.42088 13.5399 0.722209 13.7795C2.90999 15.5435 5.79773 16.2132 8.49504 16.2132C10.8858 16.2132 13.1343 15.6848 14.597 14.9168C14.8428 14.7881 15.0458 14.6835 15.1808 14.8247C15.2237 14.8739 15.2488 14.9231 15.2488 14.9848C15.2488 15.1324 15.1076 15.3228 14.8376 15.5624C13.264 16.9267 10.7885 17.701 8.22615 17.701C5.29551 17.701 2.2592 16.6809 0.372751 14.3518L0.371705 14.3508Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><path d=\"M14.2347 14.2212C13.9585 14.2766 13.7796 14.2766 13.7189 14.1354C13.6331 13.9387 13.8905 13.7671 14.174 13.6133C14.6292 13.3737 15.1387 13.245 15.6545 13.245C16.1704 13.245 16.7971 13.3988 16.9634 13.6384C17.135 13.8906 17.0555 14.5476 16.8902 15.0153C16.7238 15.5008 16.4236 15.9308 16.0364 16.2688C15.8586 16.4351 15.6681 16.5826 15.5206 16.5826C15.4714 16.5826 15.4348 16.5638 15.3982 16.5272C15.2758 16.41 15.3365 16.2572 15.484 16.0114C15.8837 15.3721 16.2216 14.4995 16.0678 14.2724C15.9077 14.0517 14.9745 14.0632 14.2368 14.2233L14.2347 14.2212Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><path d=\"M4.23556 13.2133C3.89866 13.0187 3.63709 12.7435 3.4519 12.3878C3.2667 12.032 3.17358 11.6261 3.17358 11.1678C3.17358 10.6175 3.31274 10.1351 3.59105 9.72079C3.86936 9.30646 4.26381 8.9863 4.77335 8.7603C5.28394 8.5343 5.88241 8.42131 6.56877 8.42131C6.87847 8.42131 7.13167 8.44328 7.32942 8.48618V8.29157C7.32942 7.80923 7.24467 7.45349 7.07413 7.22436C6.90358 6.99522 6.64306 6.88118 6.29046 6.88118C5.73384 6.88118 5.36868 7.1846 5.19605 7.7904C5.14687 7.96408 5.04748 8.03837 4.8989 8.01326L3.60047 7.7904C3.52618 7.77784 3.47073 7.74227 3.43306 7.68368C3.39644 7.62508 3.39016 7.54871 3.41423 7.45663C3.58163 6.80061 3.92481 6.29735 4.44377 5.94475C4.96377 5.59216 5.62189 5.41638 6.4202 5.41638C7.35976 5.41638 8.07437 5.67167 8.56299 6.18121C9.0516 6.6918 9.29643 7.43257 9.29643 8.40352V13.0794C9.29643 13.1474 9.27446 13.2049 9.23156 13.2509C9.18866 13.297 9.12902 13.32 9.05474 13.32H7.83059C7.69457 13.32 7.60773 13.2394 7.57111 13.0783L7.38592 12.2057H7.31163C7.14423 12.62 6.8973 12.9402 6.56982 13.1662C6.24233 13.3922 5.85207 13.5052 5.40112 13.5052C4.95017 13.5052 4.57351 13.4079 4.23661 13.2133H4.23556ZM5.45029 11.7433C5.61979 11.941 5.85102 12.0404 6.14189 12.0404C6.5311 12.0404 6.8272 11.8688 7.02809 11.5256C7.22898 11.1824 7.32942 10.6802 7.32942 10.0179V9.5356C7.18085 9.49898 7.01972 9.48014 6.84708 9.48014C6.33963 9.48014 5.93786 9.61302 5.64072 9.87878C5.34357 10.1445 5.195 10.5003 5.195 10.946C5.195 11.2797 5.27975 11.5455 5.45029 11.7443V11.7433Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><path d=\"M10.7248 13.3201C10.6506 13.3201 10.592 13.2981 10.548 13.2552C10.5051 13.2123 10.4832 13.1527 10.4832 13.0795V5.84233C10.4832 5.76804 10.5051 5.70945 10.548 5.66655C10.5909 5.62366 10.6506 5.60168 10.7248 5.60168H12.2095C12.3706 5.60168 12.4502 5.68225 12.4502 5.84338V13.0795C12.4502 13.1538 12.4282 13.2123 12.3853 13.2552C12.3424 13.2981 12.2828 13.3201 12.2095 13.3201H10.7248Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M14.5935 4.08912C14.7295 4.22514 14.7274 4.448 14.5893 4.58715L14.4637 4.71271L14.5872 4.83617C14.7232 4.97218 14.7211 5.19504 14.583 5.3342C14.4449 5.47335 14.222 5.4744 14.085 5.33838L13.9615 5.21492L13.836 5.34048C13.6979 5.47858 13.475 5.48068 13.3379 5.34466C13.2009 5.20864 13.204 4.98579 13.3421 4.84663L13.4677 4.72108L13.3442 4.59761C13.2082 4.4616 13.2103 4.23874 13.3484 4.09958C13.4865 3.96043 13.7094 3.95938 13.8464 4.0954L13.9699 4.21886L14.0954 4.09331C14.2335 3.9552 14.4564 3.9531 14.5935 4.08912Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><path d=\"M12.0964 2.53817L13.2337 3.12095C13.2724 3.14083 13.2724 3.19524 13.2337 3.21511L12.0964 3.79789L11.5136 4.93625C11.4947 4.97392 11.4403 4.97392 11.4215 4.93625L10.8387 3.79789L9.70037 3.21511C9.6627 3.19628 9.6627 3.14187 9.70037 3.12304L10.8387 2.54026L11.4215 1.40191C11.4414 1.36424 11.4958 1.36424 11.5146 1.40191L12.0974 2.54026L12.0964 2.53817Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><\/g><defs><clippath id=\"clip0_1566_10942\"><rect width=\"17\" height=\"17.3976\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0.0588379 0.301147)\"><\/rect><\/clippath><\/defs><\/svg><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"a-spacing-small\"><span>Customers find the book informative and well-researched. They find it an eye-opening read that helps them understand the subject matter. The book provides a wealth of knowledge about medical procedures performed on African Americans during slavery.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-csa-c-item-id=\"ai_generated_text_banner\" data-csa-c-owner=\"CustomerReviews\" data-csa-c-slot-id=\"cr-product-insights-cards_ai-generated-text\" data-csa-c-type=\"uxElement\" data-hook=\"cr-insights-ai-generated-text\" class=\"a-size-small a-color-secondary\">AI-generated from the text of customer reviews<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD WINNER\u00a0\u2022 The first full history of Black America\u2019s shocking mistreatment as unwilling and unwitting experimental subjects at the hands of the medical establishment.\u00a0No one concerned with issues of public health and racial justice can afford not to read this\u00a0masterful book. &#8220;[Washington] has unearthed a shocking [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-59540","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-history"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=800&resize=800,1200&ssl=1","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=800&resize=800,1200&ssl=1",800,1200,true],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=150&resize=150,150&ssl=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=300&resize=300,300&ssl=1",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=768&resize=768,0&ssl=1",768,0,true],"large":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=1024&resize=1024,1024&ssl=1",1024,1024,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=1536&resize=1536,1536&ssl=1",1536,1536,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=2048&resize=2048,2048&ssl=1",2048,2048,true],"td_0x420":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=0&resize=0,420&ssl=1",0,420,true],"td_80x60":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=80&resize=80,60&ssl=1",80,60,true],"td_150x0":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=150&resize=150,0&ssl=1",150,0,true],"td_218x150":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=218&resize=218,150&ssl=1",218,150,true],"td_300x0":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=300&resize=300,0&ssl=1",300,0,true],"td_324x400":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=324&resize=324,400&ssl=1",324,400,true],"td_485x360":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=485&resize=485,360&ssl=1",485,360,true],"td_696x0":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=696&resize=696,0&ssl=1",696,0,true],"td_1068x0":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=1068&resize=1068,0&ssl=1",1068,0,true],"td_1920x0":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=1920&resize=1920,0&ssl=1",1920,0,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=300&resize=300,300&ssl=1",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=600&resize=600,0&ssl=1",600,0,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/612icpFtWML._SL1200_.jpg?w=100&resize=100,100&ssl=1",100,100,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Musadiq hussain","author_link":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/author\/musadiqhussain1306gmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Price: (as of &#8211; Details) NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD WINNER\u00a0\u2022 The first full history of Black America\u2019s shocking mistreatment as unwilling and unwitting experimental subjects at the hands of the medical establishment.\u00a0No one concerned with issues of public health and racial justice can afford not to read this\u00a0masterful book. &#8220;[Washington] has unearthed a shocking&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59540"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59540"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59540\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentsclub.org\/homepage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}